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云南是我国南方山地风资源富集区和重点开发区域.气象灾害不仅影响发电效益，也是风电场安全运营隐患之一.基于相关气象数据、灾情资料和地理信息系统，从云南已建成的154座风电场中挑选12个代表性风电场，进行了风电场气象灾害时空分布特征及灾害风险评估分析.结果表明：影响云南高原山地风电场的主要气象灾害为雷击、冻害、大风，其中雷击频率最高，冻害次之；从空间分布看，滇东南雷击灾害最突出，滇东冻害最显著.雷击灾害对输电线路影响最大，冰冻灾害对风机叶片影响最明显.重度雷击灾害风险区主要集中在滇西北东南部、滇中、滇东南西部、滇西南东部、滇东地区南部5个区域；重度冰冻灾害风险区主要分布在滇西北、滇东北、滇东3个区域.云南高原山地风电场中雷击、冰冻灾害风险处于较高水平，其中，中度以上雷击灾害风险占比76.6%,中度及以上冻害风险占比98.7%,冻害高风险比例高于雷击灾害.
Abstract：Yunnan is a region rich in mountain wind resources and a key development area in southern China.Meteorological disasters not only affect power generation benefits but also pose safety hazards for the operation of wind farms.Based on relevant meteorological data, disaster information, and geographic information systems, 12 representative wind farms were selected from the 154 wind farms already constructed in Yunnan to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of meteorological disasters and assess disaster risks.The results show that the main meteorological disasters affecting wind farms in the Yunnan plateau mountainous region are lightning strikes, freezing damage, and strong winds, with lightning strikes being the most frequent and freezing damage being the next.From the perspective of spatial distribution, the southeastern part of Yunnan is most prominent for lightning disasters, while the eastern part is most significant for freezing damage.Lightning disasters have the greatest impact on power transmission lines, and freezing disasters have the most noticeable effect on wind turbine blades.The high-risk areas for severe lightning disasters are mainly concentrated in five regions: the southeastern part of northwest Yunnan, central Yunnan, the western part of southeastern Yunnan, the eastern part of southwestern Yunnan, and the southern part of the eastern region; the high-risk areas for severe freezing disasters are mainly distributed in three regions: northwest Yunnan, northeastern Yunnan, and eastern Yunnan.In the Yunnan plateau mountainous wind farms, the risks of lightning and freezing disasters are high, 76.6% of the areas facing moderate to severe lightning disaster risks and 98.7% facing moderate to severe freezing disaster risks, with the proportion of freezing disaster risks being higher than that of lightning strikes disasters.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16112/j.cnki.53-1223/n.2025.05.522
中图分类号:TM614;P429
引用信息:
[1]范立张,解明恩,杨晓鹏,等.云南高原山地风电场气象灾害风险评估研究[J].昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版),2025,50(05):35-44.DOI:10.16112/j.cnki.53-1223/n.2025.05.522.
基金信息:
中国气象局气候变化专项（CCSF201936）
2024-06-03
2024
2025-11-12
2025
2
2025-02-08
2025-02-08
2025-02-08